Closing and retarding device



Aug. 28, 11928.

l "1'682 696 P. s. 'MQR'GAN y CLOSING ANDRETARDING, DEVICE Filed Jan. 28, 1924 s srwm-- smmV 1 www INVENTOR Por/enMo/gap ATTORNEY Aug. 28, 1928.

P. s. MoRGAN cLosINq AND RETAHDING DEVICE Filed Jan. 28,- 1924 3 Shouts-Sheet 2 Illini Aug. 28, 1928. 'l 1,682,696 Y v rP. s. MORGAN.

dLosING AND RETARDING DEvIc Filed Jan. 28, 1924 -5 sheets-sheet 3 L Jr 92 S1 oo l N V E NT o R Por/er Morgan.

ATTORNEYS Patented ug. 28, 1928,. i

UNITED STATES ilnirrlv'rOFFICE.

PORTER s. MORGAN, or NRW voRK, N. Y., assrsiionao MORGAN, enonenfr'r, MORGAN, y me., or New YORK, n. gv., a Conroe-Arion or NEW YORK.

CJIJCISIlTCJr` AND RETARDING DEVICE.

f Application fueaJanusry 2t, 1924. serial recesses;

rlhis invention relates to closing and retarding devices for doorsand other units.V

The accompanying drawings exhibit, as one illustrative embodiment thereof, a door closing and `retarding mechanism of the class ordinarily termed door checks, wherein `a spring furnishes the closing power which 1s hydraulically controlled and checked.;

1n the drawings of this embodiment `Figure 1 is a vertical section taken through the center of the assembled check; Figure@ is a plan view showing the adjustable conneci tion between the lever arm and the check;

Figure 3 is a plan `-vievv looking into the empty casing; Figures ,4, 5, 6V and 7 are plan views showing the cylinder, Wing piston and eo-operating elements .in various positions;

1f`igures 8, 9, 1() and `11 are partial vertical sections taken on the lines respectively indicated'in Figures L1, 5, 6 and T ;Figure 12 is a planvievv of the cylinder cup; Figure 13 shows the spring driver iii-elevation; Figure 14 is af diagrammatic rectilinear development of thesurface of the "spring `driver t show thcposition or its ribs and cani lugs; Figure 15 is a plan view showing the spring driver inposition relative to adjacent elements; Figures 16 and 17 are elevations illustrating various phases of the operationof the spring driver and `co-operating elements; Figure 18 is an enlarged detail `vievv illustrative ot' the centering action ofthe cam lugs and co-operating elements.

Referring to Figure 1., the compact arrangement oii the` operating parts permits their housing` Within a relatively small and 103 which serve as abutnients for operating parts beneath. them Withfnit` obstructing the loiv of the fluid. integral With and rising from the cover is a packing box 22 upon which is screwed the packing 1nuty23 which,

through the annular gland 24, compresses a if suitable packing n seated Withinthe packing box. i

Rotatably Within the packing boi;` and packingis` the neck 33 ofthe dependingcylindrical spring driver 34. .Referring to Figures 2, 16 and 17, `thelupperinitrelnity! of thespring driver neck 33 is provided With tWo uivvardly extending lugs 32 adapt- `ed to interlock With corresponding lugs of a Worm Wheel 30,1which underlies thelever arm 28, with which theivorin Wheel andthe spring driver are adjustably `connected by` a Worm 31 rotatably carried in ears V81a on the underside ofthe ar1n28.` The Worm is provided at its ends with screw `heads by Which it `may be turned and, through its engagement with the Worin Wheel, may vary and adjust the angular` position ofthe arm the depending spring central spindle 27,`and the spring driver 34 are operatively integrahalthough theposition ofthe spring driver relative to thatof u the spindle andlever arm may be "rotati-vely i and' angularly adjusted as circumstances require. y y i Within the packing 25` the spring driver neck 33 is provided With a series of parallel grooves intoA which the packing may be pressed l to prevent leakage between the spring driver 'neck and the collar 422. Further to guard against leakage, at a point j ust below the packing 25 `an annular channel drained byoblique passages 38, is formed in the cover and around @the spring driver'n'eck.` i Bet-Ween the underside of the cover 21 and the head end oi' the spring driver 341" a `Washer 39 spaces the spring` driver from4 the cover 'andxpreveiits the obstruction of the draining" passages 38.

To prevent leakage between the spring" driver neck and the central spindle 27, thev lovver inner portion ofthe neck is!fcounterqY bored to receive a packing closely"fittingA therein and spindle 27, 1 y

In operation, the check is attached to the door in any usual-,manner as by screws through the plate 1Q6"(Figure 3), and the pressed into""groovesfon the ics lever arm 28 is connected" by the usual linkl to the door frame. `Thus,n inFigure the opening movement eta right-'hand door i the check operates upon'a right-hand door,

would result in the left-hand free end of the lever 28`moving toward the reader.

The power element of the present illus.- trative embodiment is the helical spring 90 surrounding the spring driver 34,. Vhen the lower endV of the spring 90 is held against rotation; while the upper end of the spring is secured to and turns with the spring driver 34;. YVhen the check operates upon a left-hand doorthe upper end of the spring 90 becomes `fixed, while the lower end Y trated in" Figure 15 where the upper end ofA ot' the spring attaches to and operates with the `spring driver` 34.

Whichever be the direction of dooraction, therefore, the spring, automatically reversible `in itsU operation, is wound by the open- Y ing'movement of the-door, and exerts its unwinding or expanding force to close the door.. i y i f The top and bottom of the spring 90 are respectively anchored to and carried by circular carriers 91 and 92, surrounding Ythel spring d river 34,'andl best shown in Figures 15 'to 17. A satisfactory means of' anchoring the spring to the spring carriers is illusthe `springis shown bent to Vform a hook 93 adapted to engage the edge of an open ing cut through the carrier. Preferably the line of contact between this hook 93and the edge of the openngshould be radial tol the center of the spring helix, so vas to avoid twisting orbending action as the spring Winds and unwinds.

. The lower end of the spring may be similarly attached to thelower spring carare the pins 96, 97.`

Similarly, (see Figures 1, ildand 17) the `.exterior periphery of the `lower spring' carrier 92 `is provided with oppositely disposed. cam lugs, 98, 99 positioned' respectivel to. meet inwardly projecting pins 100,

101 xed in the lower part of the `casing 20.

Referring to Figures 1 and 3, the-interior V`bottom of the casing 20-is provided with -i raised piers102, similarin Vform and function to the .piers 103 of the casing cover i Y 21 already referred to. When the lower 1 lill spring carrier 92 is turned towards-the right, (see Figures 16 and 17 the inclined sur- -faces of cam lugs 98,. 99 encounter the pins 100,101, and wedge the spring,carrier` downi wardly to and upon` the piers VIn this manner the spring carrier is Vheld firmly against further rotation:` towardsfthe right.

wardly against the piers 103 of the casing cover, where it is held rmly and locked against further rotation towards the left.

The spring carriers 91, 92 surround and are actuated by the spring diriver 34, the exteriorotwhich isprovided (see Figures 13 to 17 )l with eight cam lugs 110,111 positioned to engage eight similar, but oppositely inclined, cam lugs 120, 121, formed upon the interiorwvalls of the spring carriers` 91,. 92. All the cam lugs 110,111 upon the spring driver 34 are located in dilferent horizontal planes, permitting range of rotation of the parts, and each cam lug is located in the` same horizontal plane with a complementary cam lug upon one ofthe-.spring carriers 91,92. i

Contributing to operative balance and etliciency, threev of the cam lugs 11() upon the upper portion ofthe spring driven 34a are located at points eircumferentially equidistant, the fourth cam lug being located in Vertical alignment with one of the other threei The complementary earn lugs 120 aponthe spring carrier 91 aresimilarly positioned, so as simultaneously to engage the cam lugs 1110. VThe :tour lower cam lugs 111 of the spring driver 34 are similarly positioned, and in like `manner simultaneously engage the similarly positioned complementarycam lugs 121 `upon the spring carrier 92. i

Further to promote operative eiiiciency, (see Figurel) the exteriorv surface of the spring driver 34j immediately adjacent the inclined Vfaces of the cam lugs 110, 111 has portions thatare` somewhat raised to form acclivities, 122, up and along which` the previously described cam lugs 120," 121 or' the spring carriers 91, 92 slide to meet and lock with their complementarycam lugs 1110, 111 of the spring driver. In this manner the mutua-l` engagementof the cam lugs not only locks spring carrier to springdriver rotatively, but` also accurately centers the one within and relatively to the other.

The spring driver 34 is also provi'dedwith exten sivethree equally spaced ribs 115, which serve to limit the downward movement of spring carrier 91 and the upward movement of spring carrier 92;

. In operation, `opening a right-hand door of the lower spring carrier 92 meet the iu-` causes the rotation of the spring driver 34C in the direction of` the arrow in Figure 161" The upper earn lugs 110 oi the spring driver 3i ineet and ride upon the Ciani lugs 120 of the spring carrier 91, wedg'ing the carrier downwardly until its lower edge ,strikes the horizontal rihs 115, thus lockingl the carrier to the spring driver' and at the time drawing,r the carrier` away troni frietional contact with the casino; @over 21. This ro-` tation of the spring; carrier 91 by the driver Shi winds the spring 90 hy its npperenihexerting force :in the saine direction upon the lower end, and upon the lower spring; `carrier 92. Consequently, the cani lugs 98, 99

wardly projecting` pins 100, 101 (Figures `1 and on the Casing 20, and force the carrier 92 downwardly against the bottom of the casing, so looking it against further movement towards the right. Meanwhile, the upper edge of the lower spring` Carrier 92 is depressed troni Contact with the horizontal rihs 115, so that there is no trietional rontact hetween the stationaij.I lowercarrier 92 and the rotating spring' driver 341-, and no trictional Contact between the upper oarrier 91 and the casing cover or other stationary parts.

i Upon release ot the open door, thereeoiling spring returns the upper spring' Carrier 91 to the lett, oarrying` with it the driver 341 and the door thereto conneoted-` i 1n the case of a lett-hand door, opening the door rotates the spring driver 434 in the `direction of thearrow 1n Figure 17 where-v upon the lower earn lugs 111 of the driver 34 meet the earn lugs 121 ot the carrier 92, wedding the lower spring carrier 92"up wardly until its upper edge strikes the hori- Zontal rilos 115,(thus looking` the carrier to the spring driver 84, and at the same time raising the carrier away from trictionalrontact with the bottom otftheoasing; This rotation ofthe spring carrier `92 h v the driver 311 winds the spring` 90 hy its lower end, exerting a torce in the saine direction upon the upper end. and upon the upper spring Carrier 91. Consequently, the earn luggs 94, 95 oi the upper"springl carrier-encounter the pinsQfl, 97 fixed in the easing;- 20,and force the spring` carrier filaoainst the easing cover, lockingn it against further movement towards the lett. lfieani`- fie, the lower edge ot the spring" carrier 91 withdrawniroin oontaot with the horizontal rihs 115, soA that there is no frictional contact loe tweenthe now stationary uppercarrier 91 andthe' rotating springdriver 34, and no trictional Contact `hetween t-he now rotating lower Vcarrier 92" and "the ther stationary parts. i i i Upon release of the open 'door the Vrecoilingr spring returns the carrier 92 to the right,

it the driver `34 to original der 40 is internally threaded toreceive the closingplug"52 whiohis centrally "bored to surround and forni a. hearing tor `the spindle 2, and is provided with packing 53 and a threaded packing; gland4 54 to prevent leakage. The exteriorloiver portion'of the cylinder is `reducedvin size to fit Closely within the cup 411, best showirin Figures 1, and -lZ. p

Thiseup 4l (Figures 1 and 12) is perforated through its bottom at 43 andere to receive positioning dowels a'and 46 (FigureB) fixed in the bottom of the oasinfb 20, and may he still further secured to the oasing;` by screws passed through the openings l17 l and L18 into corresponding threaded openings 49 rand 50 tapped in the bottom of the easing. `The wall of" the cup 4l isvery tically cleft at 51, (Figures 1 and 12) which }iei'niits it to clasp the cylinder 40 with'a iirin resilient grip, but alloi s the Cylinder to he turned in the cup vfor purposes hereinafter stated. i i

"The bottoni ot the cup 41is also perforated atl (Figure 12) to admit the pin 5G' (Figures 1 and 3) which isiixed in the hottorn. of the casing and projects upward through the cup bottoni into" the curved slot 57 cut in the exterior bottom of the cylinder Li0, a's shown in dotted lines in `liipfures4to 7 i rlhe interior bottom of the casing 20 (Figures 1 and is providedwith channels 58 .Thusthe range of rotation of thelc'ylin@ to provide tree passage lor iiuid to, under and around the cupil.. In the bottoni of the cup, directly over one ofthese channels, is a port59` for cylinder 40. y y i,

l The hottom oit the cylinder (Figures 4 to 11) is pertoratedhy two hall ehoek ports (30 and G1, adapted to permit tree upward flow oi liuid therethrough into the cylinder,`

and to prevent flow in the opposite direc- `admission of fluidto the tion.Y `VSince the ends of the slot 57 are respectively diametricallyopposite these hall check ports GO, 61,(see `Futures f1 to and sinne the opening 59 (see Figure in the cup .t1 is diatnetrically opposite the "pin 56 Y projecting` through the opening 55, it is evident that when the cvlinderi() is turned in the @up 41 to its vliniit ofinovenient in one direction (as shown in Figures 4 5,` 8 and 9) one of the hall checkpoints, (51),"will'repris#` `terwith the opening); while iiltheeylinder 40 he turnedto `its opposite, liinit(as shown in Figures 6, 7, 10 and 11), the other ball check port, 61, will register with said opening 59'. Through the vertical wall of the cylinder 40, respectively in radial alignment with the ball check ports 60 and 61, are ports 62 and 63.. Similar ports are provided through theV vertical wall of the cup 41 at 64 and 65. Vhen the cylinder. 40 occupies the position 'shownin Figures 4, 5, 8 and 9, the ports 63 and 64 register and form a free passage for fluid in both directions; whenV in `the positionshown in Figures 6, 7, 10 and 11A the ports 62 and 65 so register. y

Within and fixed to the wall of the cylinder 40,- midway between the ball check ports 60 and 61, isthe radial abutment 66. In the` inner face of this abutment 66, throughout its vertical length, a channel is bored wherein is journaled' an oscillatory Y damper67 to preventpassage of fluid between the abutment and the central spindle 27 from one side of the radial abutment to the other. Any pressure tending to force fluid between the abutment and the spindle turns the damper 67 into contact with the spindle 27 ensuringy a self-tightening closureautomatically effective under all pressures and functioning with a minimum of friction and wear. Further, the considerable oscillatory range `of the dampers ao- Y. tion perm-its generous tolerance of dimen-` sion in the manufacture and fitting of the abutment 66 and s indle 27 .A

The lower Vend o the spindle 27 is reduced in diameter to pass through and be journaledin axial openings in the bottom of the Integral` with the spindle-27 (see Figures 4 to 7) is the wing piston 68, the outer vertical edge face ofwhich is channeled (similarly to the inner Vface of the abutment 66) to receive an oscillatory damper 69..,efiective in the same mits liberal o manufacture and iitting of the cylinder'40 manner as the damper 67 to prevent the passage of iuid between the wing piston and the wall oii the cylinder40 from one side of the win g piston to the other. Asin `the `case of the damper 67, `the oscillatory `range of the damper 69 produces tight closure at all pressures, with minimum friction, andperdimension tolerance in the and the wing` piston 68.

4The lower portion of the spindle 27 (see Figuresl and 8 to 11) is axially bored to form a fluid pas`sage75` into which projects a needle valve 70 of usual type. The needle valve stem is, screw-threaded through the bottom of the` casing 20 and is provided with a knurled button 71for manual adjustment. Surrounding the valve stemi is packing', 72, a packing gland 73, and tighteninggnut 7 4 to d prevent leakage. ,Y

Communicating with the passage 75 are the radial passages 76 and 7 7 thereby establishing a by-pass from one side of the wing piston 68 to the other, through the spindle 27, this by-pass being susceptible of adjustable restriction bythe needle valve 70.

Cut in and partially around the exterior of the spindle 27 is the groove 78 which forms `a passage between the spindle and the abutment damper 67 when the spindle is in certain positions; and in the interior bottom of the cylinder '40, near the abutment 66, are cut the channels 79, 80 which provide free fluid passage under and past the wing piston 68 when the piston is near the abutment. l

Figures 1, 4, 5, 8 and 9 show the parts in position for operation on alright-hand door. In Figures 4 and 5, the opening movement of' a right-hand door would result in the counter-clockwise movement of the wing piston 68.` Assuming the casing 2() partially filled with fluid which has flowed lnt-o and filled the spaces below and around the cu 41, 'fluid will also have flowed into the cy inder 4() through the port formed by the registry of ports 63 and 64 through the walls of the cylinder 40 and the cup 41.` Upon opening the door (the parts being as shown in Figures 4, 5, 8 and 9) the spindle 27 and its wing piston 68 rotatecounter-clockwise and force fluid already in the cylinder free ly out through the ports 63, 64.` Meanwhile, consequent upon this movement of the wing piston, more fluid is drawn freely into the cylinderthrough the ball check port 60.

Assume that the opening movement of the door ceases when the wing piston reaches the point indica-ted in Figure 5,- and that the door is there released to begin its closing movement. The initial portion of the closing movement will be rapid for, although the ball check port has closed, the groove 78 cut in the spindle 27 offers a passa e between thespindle and the abut-ment c amp er 67 .o Continued rotation diminishes and finally closes this passage' however, and the only egress for the fluid compressed between the piston 68 and the abutment 66 is through the passages 77, 75, 7 6', which are adjustably restricted by the needle valve 70. Thus the speed of the latter portion of the closing movement may be governed as desired.`

When the door has nearly closed, however, and the wing piston` 68 has almost returned to its position as shown in Figure 4, free egress forthe fluid between the piston and the abutment 66 is again provided bythe groove 79 V(Figures4 and 5) beneath the piston, so that the final closing movement of the dooris rapid and unresisted. `To reverse the check for operation upon a left-hand door, it is only necessary to turn the cylinder 40 in the cup 41 until thetparts are in the position shown in Figures 6. 7. 10

ioo

li l,

Lacasse and 11. Thismay be readily accomplished Without opening or` in any iiiannerdisas-` seinbling the check, merely by turning the lever arin 28 (and so the spindle 2T With its wing piston 68) `in a counter-clockwise direction until the wing piston strikes the abutinent Gewand then forcing' continued rota-` tion iii the saine direction, rotating the cylinder d() by and with the pistonfGS, until'` the end oit the slot in the bottoni oftlie `cylinder strikes the pin 56,;Wheii further movement Willwbe arrested, and the parts will be iii the position shown in Figures 6, 7, l() and ll'. i

Obviously the cylinder may be returned i to the right-hand door position by reversing the above operation. t t K t i `When the parts areiin position to operate a left-hand door, as shown in Figures 6, i', l0 and 1l, the ball check port 6l is in communication vvith the fluid supply, since turning the cylinder a0 has iioiv brought this bull check port into registry with the openl ing 59 through the bottom of thecup 4l.' Similarly, on the opposite side of the abutment. 6G, a tree Afluid passage is now formed by the registry ot openings 62 and 65, While openings G3 and 6e, .previously iii-registry,

have now been separated and so closed.`

iteierring to Figure 6, opening the door causes the Wing piston 68ste turn clockwise to the position, for example, shown in Figure '7, fluid being drawn freely into the cylinder through the ball check port 61, While the duid onitlieotherside ofthe pistou 68 passes freely out ot the cylinder through `the ports G2, 65. `Upon the closing movement of the door, the ball check port (il closes; liuid passes freely` through the ,cfrorive T8 between the abutment damper 67 :ind the spindle 2r, until the latters continued coiuiter-clocluvise rotation turns the" groove past the damper. `The speedof the il. A hydraulic door check and closer coni-V prisinc; in coinbinaticna casing, a helical doeii--closing spring; cylindrical spring" oar- Hinterior cani lugs; llugs set inthe casing to y riers covering and connected to the ends of the spring and provided Withiexterior and eng rc the exterior `lugs et the Vspring` carriers whereby `one or the `spring carriers, upon being rotated from a `given point iii one direction, moved out of rictional con` tact with other parts i and secured against l .i further such rotation relative to the casing, and whereby the other spring carrier, upon beingrotated from agiveii point in the opposite direction, is similarly moved out ofii'ictioiial contact andeecured against turther rotation; a cylindrical spring driver positioiicd within the spring and spring care friore and provided with cam lugs to engage the interior cain lugs ot the spring carriers `whereby upon rotation ot' the spring' driver iiroiir a givenpoiiit in one direction one .of

the spring carriers :is picked up, removed from frictionalcontact with `other parts, and rotated by and With the spring driver', and

whereby upon rotation ot' the spring driver` from a given point in the opposite direction the other spring carrier is so picked up,` re-` nioved from contact and rotated; `hydraulic checking means positioned Within the spring driver and comprising.` a cylinder, a Wing piston mounted to oscillate therein `and adapted to inove `freely inone direction `but t against hydraulic resistance in the opposite direction; and iiieans for operatively interconnecting the spring driver, the checking means, and the door. i

2. A hydraulic door checkand closer coin prisiiig in combination a casiiig,a door-clos-I ing spring7 spring carriers connectedto the ends of the spring and `provided With eX- terior and interior cam lugs, lugs setin the casing to .engage the cxteriortlugs of thespring carriers whereby one otvthe spring carriers, upon being rotated from ajgiven point in one direction, is removed from frictional contact 'ivithother parts and secured against further such i'otation'relative to theA easing, and whereby the other spring cari rier. upon being rotated Ctr-0in `a given point iii the opposite direction, is similarly rc` moved from Contact and secured against furl ther rotation; a spring driver `positaoned within the spring and provided with cam lugs to engagetlie interior cain "lugs of the spring carriers whereby upon rotation of the spring driver from a givenpoint in one direction one of fthe springcarriers is",` picked up, removed from frictional contact" With other parts, and rotated by and with the spring' driver, andyvhereby uponl rota tion of the spring' driver from a given point in the opposite direction the other spring 1 carrier is so picked up, `removed from contact and rotated; hydraulic checking means; and means for operatively `interconnecting the spring driver, theV checking ineans, `and the door. y

3. A hydraulic dooroheck and closer coini prising in combination a casing, a door-closn 1` ing spring. spring-carrying mea-ns- `connected `to the `ends lot the spring, spring-driving means, means for connecting the spring carrying nieaiis to the spring-driving means,

`means for connecting the spring-carrying means to the casing alternately ioperable `with wound, means whereby upon operation moving parts are withdrawn from rictional contact with adjacent parts; hydraulic checking means; and means for operatively inter-connecting the springdriving means,` the checking means, and the door.)

4L A door check and closer comprising in :combination a casing, a door-closing spring, spring `carriers connected to the ends of `the spring and provided with exterior and interior cam lugs, lugs set in the casing to engage :the .exterior lugs of the spring carriers whereby one of the spring carriera-'upon being rotated from a given point in one direction, is removed from frictional contact with otherparts and secured against `further such rotation relative to the casing, 4and lwhereby theother spring carrier, vupon being rotated rrom a given pointin the opposite direction7 issimilarly Aremoved from contact and secured against `further rotation.; a spring driver positioned within the spring and provided with cam lugs to engage the interior cam `lugs of the spring carriers whereby upon rotation of the spring driver from a given point in one direction one of the spring means; and means for operatively inter-con` necting the spring driver, the checking Vmeans,` and the door.V

`5. A door check and closer comprising in combination a casing, a door-closing spring, spring-carrying means connected to the ends of the spring, spring driving means, means forconnecting the spring-carrying means to the spring-driving means, means for connecting the spring-carrying means to the casing alternately operable `with relation to the connecting means last named whereby upon rotation-of the spring-driving means from a given `polntinone direction one end fof the springisheld against rotation whilel the other end is wound, and upon rotation from a given point in the opposite direction the spring is oppositely held and wound, means whereby upon operation certain moving parts are withdrawn `from rictional contact with adjacent parts; checking means; and means for operatively inter-connecting the spring-driving means, means, andthe door."

6. `A `door check and closer comprising in the checking combination a casing, a door-closing spring,

vspring-actuating means, means 'for selectively connecting the ends of the spring tothe actuating means in accordance with the d1- rection of movement from a given point, means for selectively securing the ends of the spring to the casing in accordance with the direction ofV movement from a given point, means operative upon movement in either direction to create a space between parts that would otherwise move and bear frictionally in contact with eachother, checking-means, and means for operatively inter-connecting the spring-actuating means, checking means, and the door;

7. A door `check and closer comprising in combination a casing, 'a door-closing spring, spring-actuating means, means for selectively connecting the spring to the actuating means effective in accordance with the direction `of `movement from a given point, means for selectively securing the spring to the casing effective in accordance with the direction of movement from` a given point, means operative upon `movement in either direction to prevent friction between certain adjacent parts, checking means, and means for operativelyinter-connecting the springactuating means, checking means, and the door.

`8. A closing and checking device comprising in combination a power element, means for selectively `rendering said power element electve in opposite directions, liriction relieving means operative upon movement in either direction for relieving friction between certain parts, checking means, and means for operatively inter-connecting all saidmeans.

9. A hydraulic door check and closer comprising in combination a casing, a helical oor-closing spring, a cylindrical spring carrier covering and connected to one end of the spring and provided with exterior cam lugs, lugs set inthe `casing to engage said exterior cam lugs whereby said spring carrier, upon being rotated from a given point is `moved out of frictional contactwith other parts and secured against further rotation relative to the casing, a similar spring carrier covering and connectedto the other end of the spring and provided with `interior cam lugs, a cylindrical spring driver posi.- tioned within the last named spring carrier andprovided with cam lugs to engage said .interior cam Vlugs whereby upon rotation of said springdriver from a given point said last named spring carrier 1s picked up, removed trom fractional contact with other parts, and rotated by and with the spring therein and adapted to move freely in one direction but against hydraulic resistance in Lese the opposite direction; and means for operatively inter-connecting the spring driver, checking means, and door.

l0. A hydraulic door check and closer comprising in combination a casing, `a door# closing spring, a spring carrier connected to one end of the spring and provided with exterior cam lugs, lugs set in the casing to engage said exterior cam lugs whereby said spring carrier, upon being rotated from a given point is moved out of. rictional contact with other parts and secured against further rotation relativo to the casing,` a simiiar spring carrier connected to the other end of the spring and provided with interior cam lugs, a spring driver Ypositioned 'within the spring and provided with cam lugs to engage said interior cam lugs whereby upon motion of said spring driveri'rom a given point said last named spring carrier is picked up, removed from i'rictional contact with other parte, and moved by and with the spring driver; hydraulicv checking means, and means for operatively interconnecting Jthespring driver, the checking means, and thedoor. c c i ll. A `hydraulic `door check and closer comprisingin combination a casing, a doorclosingl iispiing, spring-carrying means connected to one end of the spring, springdriving means, means for connecting the spring carrying means to the spring-driving means, means for securing the other `end of the spring tothe casing whereby motion oi the spring-driving means may wind one end "of the spring while the other end is heldagainst rotation, means whereby upon operation ot the parts, moving parts are withdrawn from `lirictional Contact with adjacent parts, hy draulic checking means, and means for operatively `intereconnecting the `springdriving neanacheching means, and the door.

l2. A door check and closer comprising in y combinationa casing, a door-closing spring,

springecarrying means` connected to oneend ofthe spring, spring-driving means, means for connecting the spring-carrying means to the' springdriving means, means for securing the other end oi' the spring to the casing whereby motion of the spi'ingdriving means may wind one end of the spring while the other end is held stationary, means whereby upon operation of the parts,{a moving surface that would otherwise have continued in fractional contact withan adgacent surv face is withdrawn therefrom;` checking means, and means tor operatively in'terconnecting the springdriving means, `cheching means, and the-door. p i y i 13. A door check and closer comprising `in combination `a casing, a doorsclosing spring, spring-carrying means to wind one end of the spring` spring driving means means for connect means to the spring-driving means', means the springcarrying checlringnmeans, and means for inter-cons,

"ecting the spring-driving means and the checking means. y c y i l5. A door check and closer comprising in combination `a casing, i a door-closing spring, spring actuating means, means for connecting `a part of the spring tothe actuating means, means for` securing another part ofthe spring against movement, means operative to .remove parts fromA `frictional contact with each other, checking mea-ns,`

and means i'or operatively inter-connecting the checking means and` spring.

16. A closing and checking device comprising in combination a power element, an operatively` connected checking element, and means effective during operation of the device to separate surfaces from frictional con-` tact with each other. c i c i7. fr doorcheclr and ciossr comprising in combinationa casing, a doorsciosing spring,

spring actuating means, means 'for connoctlng a part of the spring tothe actuating means, means' for securing another part oi' the 4spring against movement, checking fmeans `co ope1'ati.ng therewith andcomprising" aV cylinder"w wherein a wing piston is mounted to oscillare against Huid pressaire,`

said checking means, spring and connecting means lying one within another so to he positioned substantially` within the longitudinalA nimension ot the spring and means for relieving friction between certain parte during operation` i .182 A ,door check and closer comprising in combination a casing, a d`oor-closingV sprinc',checking ineen#` co-operative there- P t pressurdsaid checking means beingoperatlv' connected to and disposed within the dmal `dimension oi the spring.

' i9. A door check and closer comprising in combination door-closing means` and checking nieanscocperating therewith com prising a cylinder `provided with an interior abutment integraltherewith. a wing piston adapted tooscillate within the cylinder, and

fluid damper means moveably mounted upon the piston; and opelrativerm `both directions and comprising a cylinder anda wing .sten therein mounted to move against iiuid by fluid pressure to closethe clearance between the `cylinder and piston to prevent passage of fluid therethrough.

20. A door check and closer comprising in combination door-closing means `and checking means co-operating therewith comprising a cylinder, a` piston therein movable against fluid pressure, and pressure responsive leakage prevention mea-ns actuated by pressure in either' direction to prevent such leakage between said piston and cylinder.

` 21'. A door `check and closer comprising in combination door-closing means and checking `means co-operating.therewith comprising a cylinder, a wing piston therein mounted upon an oscillatory spindle, aninterior abutment integralwitb thel cylinder, and fluid damper means movably mounted upon the abutment and operative in `both directions by fluid pressure to close the clearancebetween the abutment and the spindle.

22.` A door check and closer comprising in combination door-closing means and checking means co-operating therewith comprising a eylilnler, a piston therein mounted upon a spindle, an abutment within the cylinder, and Huid leakage prevention meansfactm ated by pressure in either direction to prevent such leakage between theabutment and the spindle;

`23. A door checking` and closing device *comprising in combination a casing, doorclosing means, and checking means eooperating therewith comprising av perforated cupseeured to the casing, a cylinder friction-ally gripped in and by the cup and provided with perforations so located as to register ,with perforations of the cup whereby ingress and egress ol Huid is permitted, an abutment integral with the cylnider,` a

piston within. the cylinder governed by fluidA resista-nce to check the action ol. the doorclosing means, and `means for moving Jdie pist-on against the abutment forcibly,` to move the abutment,and cylinder relative to the cup thus changing the registry of the perorationsito set the device for reverse operation.

24. A door-closing and checking device comprising in combination a casing, doorclosing means, and checking means co-operative therewith comprising a cylinder, means Afor securing the cylinder to the cas ing, ports in. the cylinder, corresponding ports and port closures outside and contiguous with the cylinder, a piston mounted for oscillatory movement in the cylinder, and

means operable by movement of the piston so to move the cylinder relative to said out-'- side ports and closures as to set thedevice for reverse operation. i

25. A` door-closing and checking device comprising in combination a casing, doorclosing means, and checking means co-operatlve therewith comprising Aa hydraulic checking means,co-operative therewith, and

means whereby without any disassembly the device may be setfor reverse operation.

28. A oor closing and checking device combining a easing, a door closing spring and a liquid checking means positioned With in the spring,`means for selectively rendering said spring elfective in opposite directions and means operative upon movement in either direction to center the checking means .relative to the spring substantially as described.

29, A door closing and checking device coi'nprising a casing, a doorclosing spring and a liquid checking means positioned within the spring, means operatively to interconnect the spring' and checking means and means operative by movement of the door to center the door closing means relative to the checking means.

30. A door closing and checking device combining a easing a door closing spring a liquid checking means positioned within the spring.` l y 3l. A door check and closer comprising in combination a casing, a spring, a pair of carrie engaging the spring at o Jposite ends, each carrier being arranged to e held against movement in one direction relative to the casing, a power applying element arranged to engage the carriers alternatively, tension the spring in the same direction upon movement in either direction and reversible fluid checking means to control the return prising a cylinder within the casing ports inthe cylinder and port closure means arranged alternativcly to close some ports and open others for reverse operation, a piston within the cylinder and means whereby movements of the piston will set the port closure'imeans for reverse operation.

33. A door-closing. and checking device i and an oscillatory piston therein constructed and arranged to permit relative movement of the cylinder and casing to set the device for reverse operation.

`35. A door-closing and checking device comprising in combination door-closing means comprising an arm movable pivotally relative to the `casing and checking means cooperative therewith comprising a cylinder having ports and port closure means operable to cause reverse operation of the check Ving means, the closure means being operable by the said arm to cause reverse operation.

36. A door-closing and checking device `comprising in combination door closing means comprising an arm movable pivotally relative to the casing and checking means cooperative therewith comprising a cylinder adjustable to two positions selectively for reverse operation and means whereby the cylinder can be adjusted to either position by movement of said arm.

January 1924;.

`37. A hydraulic check and closer comprischecking device cooperating therewith c0ni prising in combination a cylinder, a piston lniovable therein, a port arranged to open to permit movement in one direction, a `port arranged to open toperinit free movement during part of the return movement, and to `'gradually close during further return movement, said port being tapered in area and lying` at an angle to `the adyacent relatively moving part to distribute triction and wear and a port arranged to open during the latter i part of the return movement. i

38. A hydraulic check and closer coming incombinationa door closing means, a"

`prising in combination a door closing means, a checking device cooperating therewith i.

comprising in combination. a cylinder, a rotatable wing piston therein having a pivoted i spindle,a bypass port comprising a groove extending diagonally around the spindle of the wing piston on the side substantially opposite the piston head, said port-being tapered at one endto cause a gradual clos- :i

ing thereof. A, p i

closing and checking device combining a cas1ng,ra door closing spring,

39. A door i a liquid checking means positioned within the spring and means whereby said checking means can lbe set for reverse operation without opening the casing. y

`In testimony whereof, I have signed my name tothis specification this 23rd day of PORTER s. MORGAN. 

